Q: Sinovlardan P₀ va Pₖ ni hisobga olsak, turli yuk darajalarida samaradorlikni qanday hisoblash mumkin?
A: Samaradorlik ē=P_out / (P_out + P₀ + ² × Pₖ) × 100%, bu erda=yuk omili.
Misol: 10 MVA transformator, P₀=12 kVt, Pₖ=85 kVt:
|
Yuklash |
|
Chiqish (kVt) |
P₀ (kVt) |
²×Pₖ (kVt) |
η (%) |
|
25% |
0.25 |
2,500 |
12 |
5.3 |
99.31 |
|
50% |
0.50 |
5,000 |
12 |
21.3 |
99.34 |
|
75% |
0.75 |
7,500 |
12 |
47.8 |
99.21 |
|
100% |
1.00 |
10,000 |
12 |
85.0 |
99.04 |
|
120% |
1.20 |
12,000 |
12 |
122.4 |
98.89 |
= √(P₀ / Pₖ)=0.376 → ~37,6% yukda maksimal samaradorlik.
Energiya samaradorligi standartlari:
• IEC 60076-20: EEI sinflari A (eng yuqori) → D.
• EI Ekodizayn 2019/1783: Tier 2 (2021), Tier 3 (2025–27).
• DOE 10 CFR 431-qism: yangi qoida 2026-yil iyunidan kuchga kiradi.
• GB 20052-2020 (Xitoy): 1-sinf (eng yuqori) → 3.
• IS 1180 (Hindiston): BEE yulduz reytingi 1–5.
TCO yondashuvi: TCO=Narx + A × P₀ + B × Pₖ
≈ $3 000–8 000/kVt (yuksiz kapitallashtirilgan xarajat-).
B ≈ $500-2000/kVt (yukning kapitallashtirilgan qiymati).